Sales, Salesperson
& Sales managers
Agents in the sales process can be defined
as representing either side of the sales process for example:
Sales broker or Seller agency or seller agent
This is a traditional sales person role where the sales person represents
a person or company on the selling end of the deal.
Buyers broker or Buyer brokerage - This is where the sales person represents
the consumer making the purchase. This is most often applied in large
transactions. Sales are the activities involved in providing products
or services in return for money or other compensation. It is an act
of completion of a commercial activity.
Disclosed dual agent -
This is where the sales person represents both parties in the sale and
acts as a mediator for the transaction. The role of the sales person
here is to over see that both parties receive an honest and fair deal,
and is responsible to both.
Transaction broker - This
is where the sales person doesn't represent either party, but handles
the transaction only. This is where the seller owes no responsibility
to either party getting a fair or honest deal, just that all of the
papers are handled properly.
Sales Managers - It is
the goal of a qualified and talented sales manager to implement various
sales strategies and management techniques in order to facilitate improved
profits and increased sales volume. They are also responsible for coordinating
the sales and marketing department as well as over site concerning the
fair and honest execution of the sales process by his agents.
Salespersons - The primary
function of professional sales is to generate and close leads, educate
prospects, fill needs and satisfy wants of consumers appropriately,
and therefore turn prospective customers into actual ones. The successful
questioning to understand a customer's goal, the further creation of
a valuable solution by communicating the necessary information that
encourages a buyer to achieve his goal at an economic cost is the responsibility
of the sales person or the sales engine (e.g. internet, vending machine
etc).
Sales techniques
The sale can be made through:
Direct
Sales, involving person to person contact
Buying
Facilitation Method
Pro
forma sales
Agency-based
-sales agents (real estate, manufacturing)
Transaction
sales
Consultative
sales
Complex
sales
-consignment
-telemarketing or telesales
-retail or consumer
-door-to-door or traveling salesman
Request
for Proposal is an invitation for suppliers, through a --
bidding process, to submit a proposal on a specific product or
service. An RFP is usually part of a complex sales process,
also known as enterprise sales.
Business-to-business
— Business-to-business sales are much
more relationship based owing to the lack of emotional
attachment to the products in question. Industrial/Professional
Sales
is selling from one business to another
Electronic
Web
— Business-to-business and business-to-consumer
Electronic
Data Interchange (EDI) is a set of standards for
structuring information to be electronically exchanged between
and within businesses
-Indirect, human-mediated but with indirect contact
Mail-order
Marketing plays a very
important part in sales. If the marketing department generates a potential
customers list, it can be beneficial for sales. The marketing department's
goal is to bring people to the sales team using promotional techniques
such as advertising, sales promotion, publicity, and public relations.
In most large corporations, the marketing department is structured in
a similar fashion to the sales department and the managers of these
teams must coordinate efforts in order to drive profits and business
success.
Driving more customers
"through the door" gives the sales department a better chance by ratio
of selling their product to the consumer. There may also be a downside
to this phenomenon. Very often (for legal reasons, e.g. in non-store
retailing) companies have to provide credit to customers. This may cause
a conflict between the sales department on the one hand and the credit
department on the other hand. See Burez & Van den Poel (2007) for potential
solutions to this problem.
In capitalist apologetics,
the purpose of selling is to help a customer realize his or her goals
in an economic fashion. This assumption neglects the fact that buyer
and seller may not have the same interests. Even if the selling organization
recognizes that its sustainability depends on the maintenance of a healthy
relationship with repeat customers, the salesperson does not necessarily
share that goal. Many sales professionals are characterized by their
short-term goals, a desire for quick returns on effort, and not the
long-term building of relationships that the most successful sales people
undertake.
This dysfunctional behavior
is encouraged by:
incentives of salespeople to increase their total number of sales, especially
where retailers keep track of sales or offer commission-based salaries
incentives from the manufactures of products or the companies of service
providers to salespeople to sell their products where other similar
products offered by competitors are offered
the incentive to sell a customer a product that is in need of being
cleared out, despite the fact that a customer may be better to wait
for the new product.
the pressure exerted by
sales managers on sales executives to perform month on month. Sales
executives to relieve themselves of pressure, engage in deceitful practices
Salespersons recognize that customers having been deceived are unlikely
to buy a similar product for a long time. Coincidently, the salesperson
has no incentive to offer any extra quality of service to encourage
a long-term relationship. This behavior is generally true only of business-to-consumer
sales.
The "deal is closed", means
the customer has consented to the proposed product or service by making
full or partial payment (as in case of installments) to the seller.
Academically, selling is thought of as a part of marketing, however,
the two disciplines are completely different. Sales often forms a separate
grouping in a corporate structure, employing separate specialist operatives
known as salespersons (singular: salesperson). Sales is considered by
many to be a sort of persuading "art". Contrary to popular belief, the
methodological approach of selling refers to a systematic process of
repetitive and measurable milestones, by which a salesperson relates
his offering of a product of service in return enabling the buyer to
achieve his goal in an economic way.
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